环境同位素记录中共生碳酸盐氧同位素分馏差值的影响          下载免费PDF全文

曾承  余俊清 《盐湖研究》2004,12(2):14-18

湖泊化学沉积碳酸盐δ18O是研究区域气候演变的重要环境指标之一。青海湖等闭流湖泊的研究结果证实,在对δ18O环境记录进行共生碳酸盐氧同位素分馏效应校正时,应依据具体情况,采用0-1‰的分馏差值。由高温实验结果推断出的常温分馏差值(4‰-7‰)不能被应用到自然条件下湖泊共生碳酸盐氧同位素分馏效应的校正。  相似文献   

P–T–f_O2 controls on a partly inverse chromite-bearing ultramafic intrusive: an evaluation from the Sukinda Massif, India     

Tapan Pal  Sachinath Mitra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,22(5):483

The chromites from the alpine type ultramafic intrusive of Sukinda, India, display a typical partly inverse spinel form and occur in two distinct zones: Brown Ore Zone (BOZ) and Grey Ore Zone (GOZ). The host ultramafites are mostly altered and are represented by the serpentinite, tremolite-talc(chlorite) schist, talc-serpentine schist and chlorite rock. The less altered variants are dunite, harzburgite and websterite. A dyke of orthopyroxenite runs through the main ultramafic body.The composition of olivine (Fo₉₂), orthopyroxene (En_92–89) and Al₂O₃ contents of the parental liquid (10.40–11.45%) determined from chromites, suggest that the parent melt is of boninitic affinity. The chemical plot of TiO₂ content against cr# of chromites corroborates a boninitic parental melt. The Fe–Mg partitioning in olivine and chromite depicts the temperature for chromitites as 1200 °C. A compositional plot of mg# and cr# suggests crystallization at high pressure conditions, corresponding to the kimberlite xenolith field. From the P–T diagram of pyrolite melting and mineral assemblage, the pressure of crystallization is stipulated to be ≥1.2 GPa. The f_O2 values estimated from Fe³⁺/Cr+Al+Fe³⁺ ratios range from 10^−8.3 to 10^−9.3 for the GOZ and 10^−7.1 to 10^−7.3 for the BOZ. The f_O2 values together with the pressure range suggest crystallization at upper mantle conditions. The heterogeneity in chemical composition and f_O2 conditions for the GOZ and BOZ could be linked to heterogeneity in the upper mantle.  相似文献   

Holocene hydrographical changes of the eastern Laptev Sea (Siberian Arctic) recorded in δO profiles of bivalve shells     

Thomas Mueller-Lupp  Henning A. Bauch 《Quaternary Research》2004,61(1):32-41

Oxygen isotope profiles along the growth axis of fossil bivalve shells of Macoma calcarea were established to reconstruct hydrographical changes in the eastern Laptev Sea since 8400 cal yr B.P.. The variability of the oxygen isotopes (δ¹⁸O) in the individual records is mainly attributed to variations in the salinity of bottom waters in the Laptev Sea with a modern ratio of 0.50‰/salinity. The high-resolution δ¹⁸O profiles exhibit distinct and annual cycles from which the seasonal and annual salinity variations at the investigated site can be reconstructed. Based on the modern analogue approach oxygen isotope profiles of radiocarbon-dated bivalve shells from a sediment core located northeast of the Lena Delta provide seasonal and subdecadal insights into past hydrological conditions and their relation to the Holocene transgressional history of the Laptev Sea shelf. Under the assumption that the modern relationship between δ¹⁸O_w and salinity has been constant throughout the time, the δ¹⁸O of an 8400-cal-yr-old bivalves would suggest that bottom-water salinity was reduced and the temperature was slightly warmer, both suggesting a stronger mixture of riverine water to the bottom water. Reconstruction of the inundation history of the Laptev Sea shelf indicates local sea level ∼27 m below present at this time and a closer proximity of the site to the coastline and the Lena River mouth. Due to continuing sea level rise and a southward retreat of the river mouth, bottom-water salinity increased at 7200 cal yr B.P. along with an increase in seasonal variability. Conditions comparable to the modern hydrography were achieved by 3800 cal yr B.P.  相似文献   

Variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone recorded in coral isotopic records from the central Indian Ocean (Chagos Archipelago)     

Miriam Pfeiffer  Wolf-Christian Dullo  Anton Eisenhauer 《Quaternary Research》2004,61(3):245-255

We have analyzed the stable oxygen isotopic composition of two Porites corals from the Chagos Archipelago, which is situated in the geographical center of the Indian Ocean. Coral δ¹⁸O at this site reliably records temporal variations in precipitation associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Precipitation maxima occur in boreal winter, when the ITCZ forms a narrow band across the Indian Ocean. The Chagos then lies within the center of the ITCZ, and rainfall is strongly depleted in δ¹⁸O. A 120-yr coral isotopic record indicates an alternation of wet and dry intervals lasting 15 to 20 yr. The most recent 2 decades are dominated by interannual variability, which is tightly coupled to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This is unprecedented in the 120 yr of coral record. As the ITCZ is governed by atmospheric dynamics, this provides evidence of a major change in the coupled ENSO-monsoon system.  相似文献   

徐州地区下古生界碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

桑树勋  郑永飞张华徐磊  范炳恒 《岩石学报》2004,20(3):707-716

在已有的对徐州地区下古生界碳酸盐岩详细岩石学研究基础上，系统测试了碳酸盐岩方解石和白云石的碳、氧同位素组成特征；地球化学和岩石学研究相结合，综合提取了碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成的沉积、成岩地质信息；初步探讨了同位素组成的地层变化及其意义。研究结果表明：碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征可以指示沉积环境及其演化，开阔陆表海、灰质障壁砂坝、局限陆表海、潮下带、潮渠、藻坪诸沉积相间碳酸盐岩的δ^13C值表现出规律性变化，碳同位素组成变化曲线上的显著正偏移与海侵有关；碳酸盐岩氧同位素组成对成岩环境及其演化有明显响应，淡水成岩环境、潮上成岩环境、潮间成岩环境、潮下成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境具有不同的碳酸盐岩氧同位素组成特征；徐州地区大北望寒武系剖面地层界线附近都有碳、氧同位素组成变化的特征显示，研究工作证实了徐州地区下古生界同位素地层划分的可行性。  相似文献   

Geochemical and isotopic composition of organic matter in the Kupferschiefer of the Polish Zechstein basin: relation to maturity and base metal mineralization     

A. Bechtel  R. Gratzer  W. Püttmann  S. Oszczepalski 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(1):72-89

max vs the present depth of the Kupferschiefer, soluble organic matter (SOM) yields, and relative proportions of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of the SOM provide evidence for an oxidative alteration of organic matter in highly mineralized Kupferschiefer samples near the Rote F?ule zones. This is confirmed by differences in the composition of the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the soluble organic matter: Saturated hydrocarbons from Rote F?ule samples are dominated by short-chain n-alkanes and higher abundances of pristane and phytane relative to heptadecane (n-C17) and octadecane (n-C18), respectively, compared with samples more distant to the Rote F?ule zone. Compositional changes of the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions with decreasing distance to that zone are characterized by the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elevated ratios of phenanthrene to methylphenanthrenes that are attributed to demethylation reactions and resulted in a decrease of the methylphenanthrene index (MPI 1). Kupferschiefer samples from the barren zone of the Polish Basin do not show these alteration patterns. The observed variations in organic matter composition with burial depth are consistent with changes due to increasing thermal maturation. Maturity assessment is achieved from MPI 1 and the methyldibenzothiophene ratio (MDR). From the relationship between the maturity of organic matter in terms of vitrinite reflectance values and depth of the Kupferschiefer strata, a continuous increase in reflectance of vitrinite is obtained within the Polish Basin. The alteration pattern of organic matter related to base metal mineralization of the Kupferschiefer corresponds to changes in the isotopic composition of organic carbon and calcite. Kerogen within, or close to, Rote F?ule zone is enriched in ¹³C caused by the preferential release of isotopically light organic compounds through progressive degradation of organic matter. The opposite tendency towards lower δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁸O values of calcite provides evidence for isotopic exchange between carbonate and the oxidizing, ore-bearing solutions and for organic matter remineralization. In contrast, organic matter and calcite from the Kupferschiefer do not show regular trends in δ ¹³C with increasing thermal maturation. Received: 25 June 1999 / Accepted: 1 December 1999  相似文献   

Further Studies Of Atmospheric Turbulence In Layers Near The Surface: Scaling The Tke Budget Above The Roughness Sublayer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paul Frenzen  Christoph A. Vogel 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,99(2):173-206

The second of two experimental studies of the TKE budget conducted on sites of different roughness is described, and results are compared. The first took place within a shallow layer above a small field of mostly bare, cultivated soil; the second was carried out above a roughness sublayer of significant depth on an extensive plain of tall dry grass. Budget terms observed in the second study were scaled with a modified u which compensated for effects of an unusually large stress gradient and ensured that the _m functions would be collinear. By showing that the modification becomes negligible in smaller gradients, it is demonstrated that in normal conditions, budgets observed above significant roughness sublayers should be normalized by scaling in terms of the unreduced Reynolds stress at the sublayer's upper surface. This procedure is shown to be consistent with the expectation that TKE budgets in layers near the surface all scale in fundamentally the same way.Other findings include: (1) the fact that most _m functions previously reported are not quite collinear is attributed to a type of overspeeding known to affect three-cup anemometers; (2) revised _m functions, collinear and largely free of the effects of overspeeding, are determined from a well-established characteristic of the linear _m relation for the stable case; (3) data that define collinear _m functions can also be represented with single hyperbolic curves; (4) dissipation is found to be 10 to 15% too small to balance total TKE production in unstable and neutral conditions and to decrease with increasing z/L in thestable regime; and (5) new relations for based on the observed behaviour of the dissipation deficit provide an improved closure for the set of equations that express the budget terms as functions of _m and z/L.  相似文献   

Respiratory adaptations to oxygen lack in three species of Glossiphoniidae (Hirudinea) in Lake Esrom, Denmark     

Bettina Pohle  Kirsten Hamburger   《Limnologica》2005,35(1-2):78-89

The weight-specific respiration rate (μl O₂ mg⁻¹ AFDW h⁻¹) of three species of leech from Lake Esrom, Denmark, Glossiphonia concolor, G. complanata and Helobdella stagnalis was measured in a closed stirred chamber with a micro electrode. At declining oxygen concentration (mg O₂ l⁻¹) all three species expressed moderate ability to regulate respiration, in G. concolor and G. complanata down to 2 mg O₂ l⁻¹, in H. stagnalis down to 0.75 mg O₂ l⁻¹. Survival in anoxia was measured in closed bottles. The time to 50% survival (LD₅₀) was 30 days in G. concolor at 20 °C and 30 and 4 days in H. stagnalis at 10 and 20 °C, respectively. The results were discussed in relation to habitat and spatial distribution of the three species in the lake.  相似文献   

Continuous Multi‐probe Measurements in Fastflowing Waters Using a Hydrographic Slot     

Bernhard Karrasch  Michael Herzog 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(2):165-169

Taking continuous spatiotemporal in situ measurements with multi‐probes in fast‐flowing waters/rivers can be problematic because the sensors may be damaged by high shear forces and flotsam. To protect the multi‐probe and to enable easy access for the maintenance and calibration of the sensors, a special multi‐probe holder fixed in a hydrographic slot was developed. The validation of the probe system revealed a “memory effect” at short time scales (< 10 s) within sharp gradients caused by the overflow container of the multi‐probe rack keeping the sensors submerged in the sample water. Continuously recorded data (conductivity, temperature, pH, oxygen concentration and saturation, as well as in vivo fluorescence of chlorophyll‐a) from a research cruise on board the RV ALBIS along the river Elbe (river km 309) and entering the river Saale are presented. This river stretch upstream of the city of Magdeburg to the mouth of the Saale tributary was found to have a complex physicochemical character, which is attributable to the long mixing process of water from the river Saale and the river Elbe.  相似文献   

锡的地球化学性质与华南晚白垩世锡矿成因     

隋清霖  祝红丽  孙赛军  陈登辉  赵晓健  王钊飞 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):23-34

锡在地质过程中表现出亲氧、亲硫和亲铁三重特性。在地幔岩浆过程中,锡是一种中等不相容的金属元素。锡成矿主要与酸性岩浆活动有关,其地球化学性质决定了其成矿主要受源区性质、氧逸度以及挥发分含量、岩浆结晶分异等因素控制。高度结晶分异可使锡在岩浆中进一步富集,是锡成矿相关花岗岩的普遍特征;锡为变价元素,岩浆体系氧逸度影响源区中锡的迁移能力和分离结晶过程中锡的元素行为,还原性岩浆体系有利于锡富集成矿。富含F、Cl和B等挥发组分对锡元素的迁移和富集起积极的作用。全球锡矿床分布与俯冲带关系密切,特提斯和环太平洋构造域是主要蕴藏区。重要的锡成矿事件表现出区域性和阶段性的特征。结合锡的地球化学特性以及锡矿分布特征,我们认为最有利锡成矿的动力学机制是俯冲板片后撤机制。俯冲板片后撤引发深部软流圈地幔上涌,导致强烈的壳幔相互作用,形成低氧逸度、富F、Cl和B等花岗岩,有利于锡成矿。对于华南晚白垩世锡成矿事件,新特提斯洋俯冲板片发生后撤是其成矿地球动力学背景。  相似文献